riti e tradizioni della Settimana Santa biscegliese (1)

112 commenti / Culture e Tradizioni, Eventi, Religione / Di

La Settimana Santa è la settimana nella quale la religione cristiana celebra gli eventi di fede che hanno caratterizzato gli ultimi giorni di vita di Gesù. Nel corso di questa celebrazione viene ricordata la sua passione, la morte in croce ed infine la resurrezione.
In che modo, però, si viveva questa ricorrenza in passato? In questa prima parte vedremo alcune delle tradizioni più ricorrenti.

Per la maggior parte dei cristiani la Settimana Santa si apriva con la Domenica delle Palme. Al mattino, i contadini si recavano nei campi per raccogliere grandi fasce di rami d’ulivo da portare in chiesa per farli benedire dal sacerdote durante la messa cantata. Al termine delle celebrazioni, questi arboscelli venivano riportati in campagna, dove venivano legati al ramo di un albero o piantati in Terra; alle palme, infatti, erano attribuiti poteri miracolosi, specie contro i temporali. Oppure, venivano messe al capezzale del letto, dove si conservavano per tutto l’anno, per essere poi bruciate solo l’anno successivo, al momento della distribuzione delle nuove.
Le ceneri delle palme venivano sparse dal sacerdote sul capo dei fedeli, nel primo giorno di Quaresima, detto appunto delle Ceneri. Era, inoltre, tradizione scambiarle tra amici e parenti, come segno di pace.

Spesso, soprattutto i più piccoli, sin dalle prime settimane di Quaresima, preparavano i sepolcri, semi di grano, miglio, lenticchie, lupini ecc., germogliati al buio per evitare l’azione della clorofilla, che venivano decorati in vari modi.

Il Giovedì Santo, infatti, nelle chiese l’altare veniva decorato con fiori e luci, in quanto rappresentava il sepolcro di Cristo, che a sera veniva visitato dai fedeli. Ogni fedele doveva visitare da cinque (quante sono le piaghe di Cristo) a sette (quanti sono i dolori della Madonna) sepolcri. Inoltre, a partire da questa giornata si diceva che “morivano le campane“, cioè non veniva più suonata alcuna campana sino al sabato, tanto che anche gli allevatori toglievano le campane dal collo dei loro animali.

Infine, il venerdì Santo, sin dalle prime ore della giornata, i biscegliesi si riversavano al Palazzuolo, in abiti nuovi ed eleganti, per assistere alle processioni. In questa giornata aveva, ed ha ancora oggi, luogo il tradizionale incontro al Palazzuolo.
In questa giornata veniva svolto anche il rito delle tre ore di agonia, che aveva luogo in chiesa dalle 12 alle 15, e durante il quale, tra preghiere e musica, un monaco, incaricato dal Quaresimale, spiegava e commentava le 7 frasi pronunciate da Gesù morente sulla croce1.

E tu, come trascorrevi questa settimana? Ci sono delle differenze oggi rispetto al passato? Raccontaci qualcosa!

NOTE:

  1. Cosmai M., Leggende e tradizioni biscegliesi, Levante, Bari (1980)

Per l’immagine di copertina si ringrazia il Centro Studi Biscegliese

Articolo di Irene Confalone

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